Moving on with my academic safari, I recently viewed a film called "100 Days," which depicts the dramatic conflict of the Rwandan people during the infamous genocide. It follows two Tutsi families specifically, as they struggle to survive a massacre. I will not describe the film's plot in great detail, but I would like to respond to the film, since it had a profound effect on my perception of people.
For a while now I have been examining the aspects of colonialism and neocolonialism in Africa, and so far I have witnessed mostly the violence of the European, as well as the control they and their minions wield against the colonized. However, the beauty of this film is that it reveals the evil all men are capable of, regardless of nationality or skin color. While the corruption of the instated government--both African or otherwise--is common knowledge, "100 Days" re-examines the prejudices that breed violence. For example, the Hutu leader makes many justifying and fervent speeches about the necessity to wipe out the Tutsi, and makes no attempt to disguise his intent to genocide them. This creates a scenario that forces the viewer to forget about his perceptions of black and white, and examine the innate power of a mob mentality, and a people under distress. The poverty of the Hutu and their difficulty of survival under the corrupt rule of their leaders, the Hutu seem to turn against their long-familiar enemy, finding it easier to blame them than question the infrastructure. Human wickedness, I realized, is about scapegoating, controlling, and suppressing those who threaten us. Whether this threat is real or imagined seems to be the justifying factor, or "self-defense," as the legalese claims. However, threat comes also in the form of jealousy, and of the verbal tendrils the leaders use to tap the brains of their people.
I do not for a moment want to overlook the important colonialist themes in the film, since they are profound and numerous, but they are also the most obvious thing, and I'm sure anyone who's seen the movie would have identified them themselves. What I hope to offer is a new perspective, or at least verbalize something that's been felt but not expressed.
Wednesday, October 27, 2010
Thursday, October 7, 2010
The Sender: a Creative Response to "The Message" by Ama Ata Aidoo
I have written a short vignette as a creative response to Aidoo's short story "The Message," in which a grandmother of a woman undergoing a caesarian makes the journey to the hospital to see her. I would recommend reading the short story first, since it's excellent and it's a very quick read. Feel free to comment, and enjoy.
The pain. The pain, the pain. O, God, am I dying? Is my baby dying? My child, the only child of an only daughter of an only son, and my baby is dying. Oh god, there’s blood. It hurts!
The night was oppressive. The humidity was so fierce that it beaded on my bare arms and forehead. The heat was butter-thick and made every motion impossible. I don’t remember screaming; I just remember the heat and damp of the night and the wetness of my bed, and the pain and the cold in my bones despite the heat. At first I thought it was the water, but the moonlight shone hazily through the window, and the moisture on my fingertips was black in the glare.
* * *
When the darkness left me I was face up, and laying prone, and staring at a canvas awning, and I was being jostled violently. A man’s face came into view, and he spoke. Or, his lips moved, and sounds came out, but I didn’t understand. I am dying. My baby is dead, and I am being sent to the hospital. My only thoughts are grief and sorrow and shame, for my grandmother and my father, now dead, and my husband. And the pain is unbearable. It’s so cold.
My eyes open again, to another new ceiling, this time whitewashed, with long rows of lights, and all around me white. White sheets, curtains, and ceilings, as well as walls; all but the floor was white, and shocking. No blood. No pain, at least not the same. I wanted to sit up, and with my arms under me, palms on the bed, I started to hoist, but the strange, different pain increased, concentrated in my belly. With fear for the baby, I lifted the sheet, and saw only perfect little stitches, in a neat line from navel to pelvis, where the bulge used to be…where the baby lived.
I called for the nurse, who came in surprisingly promptly; she bustled over hurriedly and checked me. She lifted my sheets unceremoniously and touched me. I inquired about my baby, and was informed that not one, but two, were delivered successfully by caesarian, and were being fed. She left the room, bustling as ever. And then, another angry nurse entered the room, followed by whom else but my grandmother. She rushed to my bedside, her face buried in the mattress, and she began to moan. Her moaning echoed through the hallways, and it was a moan of grief released, of nauseated waiting and worrying; for it had been three days since the incident, and I could only assume of her journey to Cape Coast to see me, assuming to claim my corpse all the way. Her old frame shook with emotion and her feet shuffled under her as she stood to stare at me, her eyes tired and red.
Tuesday, September 28, 2010
Picking Away the Bark of "God's Bits of Wood": a novel by Ousmane Sembene
I have recently finished reading an incredibly riveting novel by Senegalese author and film maker Ousmane Sembene, and I have written a short analysis in which I closely read a passage, and delicately extract the undertones and covert meanings and implications within the passage. My analysis comes from historical background and knowledge of literary symbolism, and I use these as well as other literary "clues" to extract the meaning.
I have chosen a passage late in the novel, in which a strike as occurred between the West African railway workers regarding inferior working conditions to their white counterparts. There is a meeting held "between the management and the strikers", in which both parties hope to settle the dispute. Allow me to present the passage in its totality, as a reference for you as you read my analysis.
"The meeting between the management and the strikers was to take place in a conference room on the second floor of the building. Dejean, the director, and his closest associates had been there for some time, and the waiting was playing tricks with their nerves. With the exception of young Pierre, who had had the feeling for several day that he was watching a play whose plot he did not fully understand, every man there was living through a period he had never expected to see. It was probably Dejean, however, for whom the crisis was not only the most unexpected but the most totally incomprehensible. A discussion between employer and employees presupposes the fact that there are employees and there is an employer. But he, Dejean, was not an employer; he was simply exercising a function which rested on the most natural of all bases - the right to an absolute authority over beings whose color made of them not subordinates with whom one could discuss anything, but men of another, inferior condition, fit only for unqualified obedience" (179).
At first this passage seems overbearing and extremely dense, but a few repetitive and tonal clues exist for me to examine the text. First allow me to examine the characters in the room. They are all of "management" status, all of colonialist mindsets. Almost immediately, Sembene focuses the attention on Dejean, the "head-honcho" in the room, and provides an all-too-telling internal monologue, beautifully constructed to subtly reveal the brutal inhumanity of which this man is capable. Unfamiliar with the feeling of being kept waiting, these men begin to feel nervous, implying that their perspective of reality is being challenged simply by this action of waiting. By referring to their anxiety as their nerves "playing tricks," Sembene suggests a tension in the minds of these men, in which they can sense the change in the atmosphere. This is supported by the following sentence--with the exception of Pierre, of course--with each man "living through a period he had never expected to see", suggesting the implausibility, and possibly the denial of these men's inevitable downfall. With this tension in place, Sembene returns the reader's attention to the director, who is, by the nature of his colonialist mentality, necessarily exhibits the most extreme denial among the group. Dejean's "crisis," (the ultimate dismantling of his personal 'empire') is so "incomprehensible" to him, because he holds as dogma the 'white man's' superiority over the Africans. This is stated, but with key undertones that suggest a most sinister evil within Dejean, especially since he does not consider the African railway workers as "employees," but rather as disposable, subhuman tools, their only merit being for their labor. The sinister nature of this assumption is concentrated in a single phrase: "exercising a function which rested on the most natural of all bases". In this sentence, Sembene suggests that Dejean's racist condition runs so deep, that he sees his position as a necessary utility, much like an electrician or a plumber--but in this case, the people are the tools and the only ones benefiting are the colonizers. To him, the basis for his inhumanity is "natural." When broken down into is basic implication, this idea embodies the depravity of the colonizers, their denial of the power of a people as unified human beings, and the inevitable failure of such an idea.
I hope anyone who reads this enjoys my dissection, and feel free to bounce back any ideas you may have, or if you think I'm completely off-base. Anything will do, just let me know what you think.
Regards,
N
I have chosen a passage late in the novel, in which a strike as occurred between the West African railway workers regarding inferior working conditions to their white counterparts. There is a meeting held "between the management and the strikers", in which both parties hope to settle the dispute. Allow me to present the passage in its totality, as a reference for you as you read my analysis.
"The meeting between the management and the strikers was to take place in a conference room on the second floor of the building. Dejean, the director, and his closest associates had been there for some time, and the waiting was playing tricks with their nerves. With the exception of young Pierre, who had had the feeling for several day that he was watching a play whose plot he did not fully understand, every man there was living through a period he had never expected to see. It was probably Dejean, however, for whom the crisis was not only the most unexpected but the most totally incomprehensible. A discussion between employer and employees presupposes the fact that there are employees and there is an employer. But he, Dejean, was not an employer; he was simply exercising a function which rested on the most natural of all bases - the right to an absolute authority over beings whose color made of them not subordinates with whom one could discuss anything, but men of another, inferior condition, fit only for unqualified obedience" (179).
At first this passage seems overbearing and extremely dense, but a few repetitive and tonal clues exist for me to examine the text. First allow me to examine the characters in the room. They are all of "management" status, all of colonialist mindsets. Almost immediately, Sembene focuses the attention on Dejean, the "head-honcho" in the room, and provides an all-too-telling internal monologue, beautifully constructed to subtly reveal the brutal inhumanity of which this man is capable. Unfamiliar with the feeling of being kept waiting, these men begin to feel nervous, implying that their perspective of reality is being challenged simply by this action of waiting. By referring to their anxiety as their nerves "playing tricks," Sembene suggests a tension in the minds of these men, in which they can sense the change in the atmosphere. This is supported by the following sentence--with the exception of Pierre, of course--with each man "living through a period he had never expected to see", suggesting the implausibility, and possibly the denial of these men's inevitable downfall. With this tension in place, Sembene returns the reader's attention to the director, who is, by the nature of his colonialist mentality, necessarily exhibits the most extreme denial among the group. Dejean's "crisis," (the ultimate dismantling of his personal 'empire') is so "incomprehensible" to him, because he holds as dogma the 'white man's' superiority over the Africans. This is stated, but with key undertones that suggest a most sinister evil within Dejean, especially since he does not consider the African railway workers as "employees," but rather as disposable, subhuman tools, their only merit being for their labor. The sinister nature of this assumption is concentrated in a single phrase: "exercising a function which rested on the most natural of all bases". In this sentence, Sembene suggests that Dejean's racist condition runs so deep, that he sees his position as a necessary utility, much like an electrician or a plumber--but in this case, the people are the tools and the only ones benefiting are the colonizers. To him, the basis for his inhumanity is "natural." When broken down into is basic implication, this idea embodies the depravity of the colonizers, their denial of the power of a people as unified human beings, and the inevitable failure of such an idea.
I hope anyone who reads this enjoys my dissection, and feel free to bounce back any ideas you may have, or if you think I'm completely off-base. Anything will do, just let me know what you think.
Regards,
N
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